A Japanese Monopoly Capitalist Praises China’s Ruling “Communist” Party
By Michael Pröbsting, International Secretary of the Revolutionary Communist International Tendency (RCIT), 1 June 2021, www.thecommunists.net
People's Daily – the central organ of China’s ruling “Communist” Party – published a short but highly interesting statement by a Japanese monopoly capitalist. Takashi Nishimura, president of Asahi Beer (China) Investment, said ''Things are very different now in China as compared with many years ago. If it were not for the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the country couldn't have achieved so much. It's really a grand project." [1]
Such a statement carries weight. Asahi Beer is one of the big monopolies in Japan. It is listed in the Nikkei 225 – an index which compiles the largest 225 corporations on the Tokyo Stock Market – as well as the Forbes Global 2000. As president of the corporation’s China division, Mr. Nishimura certainly knows what he is talking about. This is even more the case since he is making – highly profitable – business in China already for 12 years.
Such a eulogy is highly revealing. We can take it for granted that Mr. Nishimura – as a leading manager of a multinational corporation – is clear of suspicion to entertain any sympathies for communism, i.e. the abolition of class exploitation by socialization of the means of production. Hence, when he praises China’s progress, he certainly views this from a capitalist point of view – in other words, the opportunity to make profit.
The Japanese monopoly capitalist is certainly not wrong in this. As we have demonstrated on numerous occasions, China’s capitalism rapidly advanced in the past decades, created a powerful bourgeoise and became an imperialist Great Power. [2] Today, China provides the largest number of super-rich (1/3 of all billionaires in the world!). [3] Likewise, it has the largest number of global leading corporations (the Fortune Global 500 list of 2020 has 124 companies from China and 121 from the U.S.). [4]
The president of Asahi Beer (China) Investment is not an isolated case. Many Chinese and international capitalists appreciate the gigantic opportunities to make profit enabled by the pro-business policy of the “Communist” Party. As we have shown somewhere else, these “communists” praise themselves that “China has become the world's second largest bond market after the United States”. [5]
In short, the international bourgeoisie recognizes the capitalist character of China’s economy and so does the CPC leadership itself.
Stalinist, Populist and Pseudo-Trotskyist Muddleheads
There are only few people who fantasize about “socialism” in today’s China. On one hand, there are the morons among the right-wing ideologists of the U.S. Republicans. Their motivation is pretty obvious as they need such rhetoric in order to justify their Cold War policy against the Chinese rival.
Then there are various Stalinist and left-populist Bolivarian parties. There motivation is also not so difficult to understand. The “left-wing” governments of Venezuela, Bolivia, Cuba and others – in fact, these are state-capitalist bonapartist regimes – need trade, foreign investment and financial aid. The same is true for the populist-Kirchnerist government in Argentina. Business with China has also the convenient advantage of filling the bags of many businessmen and politicians in these countries. They live according to the motto: “enrich yourself in the name of socialism”.
And those Stalinist bureaucrats who can not make money out of their connections with Beijing – well, at least they have, finally, a new ideological fatherland, three decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Finally, there are the muddleheads in the ranks of pseudo-Trotskyism. As we have shown somewhere else, the Argentinean Partido Obrero – both the Altamira as well as the anti-Altamira faction – still claims that China (and Russia) is a kind of “workers state” and that capitalism has not been restored. [6]
The leaders of the PTS (Argentina) and their international comrades-in-arms in the Fracción Trotskista are more evasive on this issue. However, they strongly refute the thesis that China has become imperialist. Worse, they even claim that neither China nor Russia has “yet seen the consolidation of a capitalist class”. [7]
What is the purpose of such denial of reality? Surely, these “Trotskyists” have no intention to do business with Beijing. But they might hope to build closer relations with the bureaucratic apparatus of the pro-Chinese bourgeois-populist and reformist parties.
Whatever their motifs are, the objective meaning of such whitewashing of China’s capitalism is clear. We are living in an era of acceleration of imperialist rivalry between the Great Powers (U.S., China, EU, Russia and Japan). [8] Characterizing China as “socialist”, as a (deformed) “workers state” or as a state with an “unconsolidated capitalist class” means nothing but an ideological gateway to side with China (and Russia) against their Western rivals. In other words: it opens the treacherous road to social-imperialism.
Furthermore, it opens the path to accommodation of these “Trotskyists” parties with the pro-Chinese bourgeois-populist and reformist parties. The meaning of this is obvious: crossing the class-line and supporting a faction of the bourgeoisie.
Those militants who oppose such a road should break with such opportunist and social-imperialist conceptions!
[1] People's Daily: CPC leadership is key to China's transformation: Japanese businessman, May 31, 2021, http://en.people.cn/n3/2021/0531/c90000-9855812.html
[2] See on this e.g. our book by Michael Pröbsting: Anti-Imperialism in the Age of Great Power Rivalry. The Factors behind the Accelerating Rivalry between the U.S., China, Russia, EU and Japan. A Critique of the Left’s Analysis and an Outline of the Marxist Perspective, RCIT Books, January 2019, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/anti-imperialism-in-the-age-of-great-power-rivalry/; by the same author: Chinese Imperialism and the World Economy. An Essay published in the second edition of The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism (edited by Immanuel Ness and Zak Cope), Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2020, https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-91206-6_179-1; China‘s transformation into an imperialist power. A study of the economic, political and military aspects of China as a Great Power (2012), in: Revolutionary Communism No. 4, http://www.thecommunists.net/publications/revcom-number-4.
[3] See e.g. Michael Pröbsting: China is Definitely the Place where You Want to Be (If You are a Billionaire). Following the Latest Report of the Hurun Global Rich List, 8.3.2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/china-is-definitely-the-place-where-you-want-to-be-if-you-are-a-billionaire/; by the same author: China's Billionaire Lawmakers. A telling comparison of extremely wealthy Chinese lawmakers with their peers in the US Congress, 9 March 2019, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/china-s-billionaire-lawmakers/; China: A Paradise for Billionaires. The latest UBS/PwC Report about the Global Super-Rich Delivers another Crushing Blow to the Stalinist Myth of China’s “Socialism”, 27.10.2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/china-is-a-paradise-for-billionaires/; China’s “Socialist“ Billionaires. Following the Latest Report about the Global Super-Rich, 16.11.2015, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/china-s-billionaires/
[4] Fortune Global 500, August 2020, https://fortune.com/global500/.
[5] See Michael Pröbsting: China: Another “Success“ of the Stalinist-Capitalist Regime. Official announcement that China has become the world's second largest bond market, 3 July 2019, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/china-another-so-called-success-of-the-stalinist-capitalist-regime/
[6] See on this e.g. Michael Pröbsting: Russia and China: Neither Capitalist nor Great Powers? A Reply to the PO/CRFI and their Revisionist Whitewashing of Chinese and Russian imperialism, 28 November 2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/russia-and-china-neither-capitalist-nor-great-powers-reply-to-po-crfi/; by the same author: The Catastrophic Failure of the Theory of “Catastrophism”. On the Marxist Theory of Capitalist Breakdown and its Misinterpretation by the Partido Obrero (Argentina) and its “Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International”, 27 May 2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-catastrophic-failure-of-the-theory-of-catastrophism/
[7] See on this Michael Pröbsting: How is it possible that some Marxists still Doubt that China has Become Capitalist? (A Critique of the PTS/FT), An analysis of the capitalist character of China’s State-Owned Enterprises and its political consequences, 18 September 2020, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/pts-ft-and-chinese-imperialism-2/; Unable to See the Wood for the Trees (PTS/FT and China). Eclectic empiricism and the failure of the PTS/FT to recognize the imperialist character of China, 13 August 2020, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/pts-ft-and-chinese-imperialism/
[8]. On the accelerating rivalry between the Great Powers see, in addition to the above-mentioned publications – our documents which are compiled at a special sub-page on the RCIT’s website: https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/china-russia-as-imperialist-powers/. The RCIT’s documents on the Global Trade War have been collected at another special sub-page: https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/collection-of-articles-on-the-global-trade-war/;
미하엘 프뢰브스팅, RCIT 국제서기, 2021년 6월 1일, www.thecommunists.net
중국 집권 “공산”당 기관지 인민일보는 최근 한 일본 독점자본가가 발언한 내용을 소개했다. 니시무라 다카시 아사히맥주 (중국) 인베스트먼트 사장은 "지금 중국은 수년 전과 비교했을 때 상황이 많이 다르다. 만약 중국공산당의 영도력이 없었다면, 중국은 그렇게 많은 것을 성취할 수 없었을 것이다. 정말 대단한 프로젝트다."[1]
이 발언에는 무게가 있다. 아사히맥주는 일본의 대형 독점체 중 하나다. 도쿄 주식시장에 상장된 상위 225개 기업의 종합 주가지수인 닛케이 225와 포브스 글로벌 2000에 등재되어 있다. 이 회사의 중국 사업부 사장으로서 니시무라 씨는 자신이 무슨 말을 하고 있는지 잘 알고 있다. 이는 그가 이미 12년 동안 중국에서 높은 수익을 올리고 있는 사업체의 장이기 때문에 더 더욱 그러하다.
이러한 찬사는 많은 것을 드러내준다. 다국적 기업의 대표적 경영자로서 니시무라 씨가 공산주의에 동조할 리가, 즉 생산수단 사회화에 의한 계급착취 폐지에 공감을 품을 리가 없다는 것은 분명하다. 따라서 그가 중국의 발전을 칭송하는 것은 자본주의적 관점에서, 즉 이윤을 낼 수 있는 기회의 관점에서 “중국의 발전”을 바라보는 것이라고 우리는 확실히 말할 수 있다.
일본 독점자본가는 확실히 잘못 본 것이 아니다. 우리가 여러 차례 증명했듯이, 중국 자본주의는 지난 몇 십 년 동안 급속히 발전하여 강력한 부르주아지를 만들어냈고 제국주의 강대국으로 굴기했다.[2] 오늘 중국은 세계에서 가장 많은 슈퍼리치 (超富豪) 숫자 (전 세계 억만장자의 1/3)를 자랑하고 있다.[3] 또 가장 많은 글로벌 선도 기업을 보유하고 있다. (2020년 포춘지 선정 글로벌 500대 기업 순위에서 중국 124개, 미국 121개).[4]
이 아사히맥주(중국) 인베스트먼트 사장의 경우는 유별난 사례가 아니다. 많은 중국 자본가들과 국제 자본가들은 "공산"당의 비즈니스 프렌들리 (기업 친화) 정책으로 가능해진 거대한 이윤 창출 기회를 높이 평가하고 있다. 중국“공산”당도 "중국이 미국에 이어 세계 2위 채권시장이 됐다"고 자화자찬한다.[5]
요컨대 국제 부르주아지는 중국 경제의 자본주의적 성격을 인정하고 있고, 중공당 지도부 자신도 인정하고 있다.
오늘 중국 “사회주의”에 환상을 가지고 있는 공상가들
오늘 중국 “사회주의”에 환상을 가지고 있는 사람은 극소수뿐이다. 미국 공화당의 우익 이데올로그들 중 그런 공상가들이 한 쪽으로 있다. 그들의 동기는 아주 명백하다. 라이벌 중국을 겨냥한 자신들의 냉전 정책을 정당화하기 위해 이런 “사회주의” 언사가 필요해서다.
다른 한 쪽으론 각종 스탈린주의 당들과 좌파-포퓰리스트 볼리바르주의 당들이 있다. 그들의 동기 또한 이해하기 어렵지 않다. 베네수엘라, 볼리비아, 쿠바 등의 "좌파" 정권들 ㅡ 실제로는 국가자본주의 보나파르트주의 정권들 ㅡ 은 무역, 외국인투자, 재정 지원이 필요하다. 아르헨티나의 포퓰리스-키르치네르주의 정부도 마찬가지다. 중국과의 비즈니스는 이들 나라의 많은 사업가들과 정치가들의 주머니를 채워줄 수 있는 편익도 있다. 그들은 다음과 같은 모토를 가지고 산다. "사회주의의 이름으로 스스로 부자가 되라.“
그리고 베이징과의 커넥션으로 돈을 벌 지는 못하는 스탈린주의 관료들이 있는데, 최소한 그들은 소련 붕괴 후 30년 만에 마침내 새로운 이념적 조국을 갖게 됐다.
끝으로, 사이비 트로츠키주의 대열에도 같은 공상가들이 있다. 예를 들어 아르헨티나 PO(노동자당) ㅡ 당내 양대 분파인 알타미라 파와 반 알타미라 파 둘 다 ㅡ 는 여전히 중국 (및 러시아)이 모종의 “노동자 국가”라고 주장한다.[6]
아르헨티나 사노당(PTS)과 그들의 국제 전우 트로츠키주의분파(Fracción Trotskista)는 이 문제에서 얼버무림으로 일관한다. 다만 중국이 제국주의가 됐다는 테제에 대해서는 강하게 반박한다. 설상가상으로, 중국도 러시아도 “아직 자본가계급이 공고히 형성되지 않았다”고 주장하기까지 한다.[7]
이 같은 현실 부정의 목적은 무엇인가? 확실히, 이들 “트로츠키주의자들”은 베이징과 비즈니스를 할 의도를 갖고 있지는 않다. 그러나 그들은 위에서 언급한 친중 부르주아-포퓰리스트 당들 및 개량주의 당들의 관료기구와 보다 긴밀한 관계를 구축하길 바랄지도 모른다.
그들의 구상이 무엇이든 간에 중국 자본주의에 대한 이러한 축소은폐의 객관적 의미는 분명하다. 우리는 강대국들 (미국, 중국, EU, 러시아, 일본) 간 제국주의 패권쟁투가 가속화하는 시대에 살고 있다.[8] 중국을 "사회주의"로, 또는 (기형화된) "노동자 국가"로, 또는 "자본가계급이 공고히 형성되지 않은" 국가로 성격규정 하는 것은 제국주의 간 패권쟁투에서 (미·중 대결에서) 중국을 편드는 길로 가는 이데올로기적 관문에 다름 아니다. 다른 말로 하자면, 그것은 사회 제국주의로 가는 위험한, 반역의 길을 열어놓는다.
나아가 그것은 이들 “트로츠키주의” 당들이 친중 부르주아-포퓰리스트 당들 및 개량주의 당들에 영합, 순응하는 길을 열어놓는다. 이것의 의미는 명백하다. 계급의 선을 넘어 부르주아지의 한 분파를 지지하는 것 말이다.
그러한 길에 반대하는 투사들은 이 기회주의·사회제국주의 구상과 결별해야 한다!
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[1] People's Daily: CPC leadership is key to China's transformation: Japanese businessman, May 31, 2021, http://en.people.cn/n3/2021/0531/c90000-9855812.html
[2] 이에 대해서는 다음을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: Anti-Imperialism in the Age of Great Power Rivalry. The Factors behind the Accelerating Rivalry between the U.S., China, Russia, EU and Japan. A Critique of the Left’s Analysis and an Outline of the Marxist Perspective, RCIT Books, January 2019, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/anti-imperialism-in-the-age-of-great-power-rivalry/ [<<강대국 패권쟁투 시대에 반제국주의>> https://www.thecommunists.net/home/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4/book-anti-imperialism-in-the-age-of-great-power-rivalry/]; 같은 저자의 다음 글도 보라. Chinese Imperialism and the World Economy. An Essay published in the second edition of The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism (edited by Immanuel Ness and Zak Cope), Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2020, https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-91206-6_179-1; China‘s transformation into an imperialist power. A study of the economic, political and military aspects of China as a Great Power (2012), in: Revolutionary Communism No. 4, http://www.thecommunists.net/publications/revcom-number-4.
[3] 다음을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: China is Definitely the Place where You Want to Be (If You are a Billionaire). Following the Latest Report of the Hurun Global Rich List, 8.3.2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/china-is-definitely-the-place-where-you-want-to-be-if-you-are-a-billionaire/ [<중국은 당신이 살고 싶은 곳 맞다 (당신이 억만장자라면)> https://www.thecommunists.net/home/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4/hurun-global-rich-list/]; 같은 저자 China's Billionaire Lawmakers. A telling comparison of extremely wealthy Chinese lawmakers with their peers in the US Congress, 9 March 2019, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/china-s-billionaire-lawmakers/; China: A Paradise for Billionaires. The latest UBS/PwC Report about the Global Super-Rich Delivers another Crushing Blow to the Stalinist Myth of China’s “Socialism”, 27.10.2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/china-is-a-paradise-for-billionaires/; China’s “Socialist“ Billionaires. Following the Latest Report about the Global Super-Rich, 16.11.2015, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/china-s-billionaires/
[4] Fortune Global 500, August 2020, https://fortune.com/global500/.
[5] 다음을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: China: Another “Success“ of the Stalinist-Capitalist Regime. Official announcement that China has become the world's second largest bond market, 3 July 2019, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/china-another-so-called-success-of-the-stalinist-capitalist-regime/ [<[중국] 스탈린주의-자본가 체제의 또 하나의 "성공"> https://www.thecommunists.net/home/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4/another-so-called-success-of-the-stalinist-capitalist-regime-in-china/]
[6] 이에 대해서는 다음을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: Russia and China: Neither Capitalist nor Great Powers? A Reply to the PO/CRFI and their Revisionist Whitewashing of Chinese and Russian imperialism, 28 November 2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/russia-and-china-neither-capitalist-nor-great-powers-reply-to-po-crfi/; 같은 저자 The Catastrophic Failure of the Theory of “Catastrophism”. On the Marxist Theory of Capitalist Breakdown and its Misinterpretation by the Partido Obrero (Argentina) and its “Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International”, 27 May 2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-catastrophic-failure-of-the-theory-of-catastrophism/
[7] 이에 대해서는 다음을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: How is it possible that some Marxists still Doubt that China has Become Capitalist? (A Critique of the PTS/FT), An analysis of the capitalist character of China’s State-Owned Enterprises and its political consequences, 18 September 2020, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/pts-ft-and-chinese-imperialism-2/; Unable to See the Wood for the Trees (PTS/FT and China). Eclectic empiricism and the failure of the PTS/FT to recognize the imperialist character of China, 13 August 2020, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/pts-ft-and-chinese-imperialism/
[8] 가속화하는 강대국 패권쟁투에 대해서는, 위에서 언급한 출판물들 이외에 다른 우리 문서들이 다음의 RCIT 웹사이트 별도 하위 페이지에 있다. https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/collection-of-articles-on-the-global-trade-war/;