Kazakh Uprising and Stalinism: Marital Row or Serious Divisions?

 

The revolutionary events in Kazakhstan and Russia’s military intervention provoke deep divisions between various Communist Parties

 

By Michael Pröbsting, International Secretary of the Revolutionary Communist International Tendency (RCIT), 12 January 2022, www.thecommunists.net

 

 

 

The RCIT has pointed out repeatedly that the popular uprising in Kazakhstan and Russia’s military intervention are crucial events in the current world situation. These are developments which obligate all socialists and anti-imperialists to take an unambiguous stance of supporting the uprising and opposing the deployment of Putin’s killer troops. [1]

 

Such great events are also an important test for self-proclaimed socialist forces. More than this, the developments in the camp of Stalinist parties demonstrate that such events can also shatter long-standing dogmas and cause deep divisions.

 

As we did show in another article, a number of Stalinist party affiliated with the “Communist Party of the Russian Federation” (KPRF) led by Gennady Zyuganov have taken an openly counterrevolutionary position. While they initially showed some sympathy for the workers protests, they soon denounced the uprising as a provocation of Western “special services” and “terrorist centers” with the goal to wage a “hybrid war on Russia” and to “destabilize the Eurasian space”. Consequently, this alliance of Stalinist parties stated its support for “those now resolutely fighting against the looting and lawlessness” – i.e. the regime’s security forces – and welcomed the deployment of the Russian peacekeeping contingent as fully justified”. [2]

 

In a more recent statement, Zyuganov repeated such reactionary rant. He fantasizes about the “fifth column” of the West, about leaders of the uprising with “combat experience of jihadists in Syria and Iraq”, etc. Unsurprisingly, he restates his party full support for Russia’s military intervention. “According to the CPRF, the introduction of the CSTO peacekeepers is an imposed, but adequate and timely measure, designed to extinguish the flames of the next “color coup”. The Communist Party of Russia strongly condemns the actions of international reaction and criminals. We consider completely unacceptable interference in the internal affairs of Kazakhstan and attempts to destabilize Central Asia, which carries a direct threat to our country. (…) We are confident that the CSTO peace mission will help stabilize the situation in the Central Asian region.[3]

 

It is, of course, utterly bizarre – to say the least – to read the KPRF’s denunciation of “unacceptable interference in the internal affairs of Kazakhstan” and, one sentence later, its support for Putin’s decision to send Russian troops!

 

Cuba’s ruling “Communist” Party is no better. “The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cuba, Bruno Rodríguez, tweeted emphasizing that these events were instigated from abroad to subvert the internal order and destabilize the constitutional government of the country, which has remained friendly with the passage of time. The Russian Foreign Ministry also stated that it views the recent events in Kazakhstan as an externally conceived attempt to violently undermine the security and integrity of the Asian nation.[4]

 

Can you hear Putin’s poodles barking? Clearly, these statements only demonstrate that such Stalinist parties have joined the camp of reactionary totalitarianism and imperialist colonialism. They are on the other side of the barricade!

 

 

 

Confusion but also a shift to the left among other Stalinist parties

 

 

 

Other Stalinist parties – like the Communist Party of Britain – partly adapt the Islamophobic narrative of Tokayev-Putin-Zyuganov who explain the uprising with the intervention of Islamist and jihadist movements and forces connected to Turkey’s regional expansionist project. [5] At the same time, the British Stalinists are cautious to take a clear position for or against the protests, for or against Russia’s military intervention – claiming that the picture is too “murky” for the English observers. Well, if this is the case, it is hardly the fault of Kazakhstan’s workers and youth but rather because London’s dreadful fog has affected their minds!

 

However, it is worth noting that a number of other Stalinist parties take a different – and in effect much more progressive – position on the events in Kazakhstan. Here are a few examples.

 

The Communist Party of Belgium (PCB-CPB) states clearly: “We support the popular movement in its demands.” While they don’t mention Russia and its military intervention by name, they indicate opposition to this aggression when they say that they are “against any attempt by imperialist forces to deploy their pawns in the inter-imperialist contradictions. We warn of the danger of war which cannot be ruled out.” [6]

 

The Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) takes a similar position. “The Communist Party of Workers of Spain expresses its support and solidarity with the workers' and popular mobilizations that are taking place in Kazakhstan and condemns the murders, arrests, and attacks of all kinds that the police and military forces of the Kazakh Government are carrying out against protesters.” They too oppose Russia’s military intervention – in a bit more explicit way than their Belgian comrades. “We also denounce the intervention of foreign powers in the country, aimed both at repressing the protests and at trying to take advantage of them to aggravate the inter-imperialist confrontation.[7]

 

The Communist Party of Sweden (SKP) has published a statement which fully backs the uprising and calls for “All support to the militant workers of Kazakhstan!”. Not only this, the SKP also explicitly – more than the two sister parties mentioned above – opposes Russia’s military intervention: Simultaneously we can see foreign involvement in Kazakhstan increase. Russia promises troops, the United States sees its chance to expand its sphere of interest and Turkey has major interests in preserving the current government. We reject any foreign interference in the country - the situation must be resolved by the working people of Kazakhstan and no one else.[8]

 

Finally, the statement of the Austrian sister party – the Party of Labour (PdA) – is particularly worth mentioning. These comrades also state: “The Party of Labour of Austria declares its solidarity with the Kazakh people and the working class and their illegalised organisations and parties. The class struggle against the political-economic system, the national oligarchy and their imperialist allies finds our internationalist and solidary support.

 

However, the PdA goes further than the other mentioned parties. “In this, the imperialist powers, including Russia, the US, China and European states, collaborated and continue to collaborate with the Kazakh regime around Nursultan Nazarbayev and his "successors" and henchmen for economic and geostrategic interests.“ Consequently, the demand: “No military and/or political intervention by the imperialist powers, neither the US or the EU, nor Russia or China. [9]

 

For the author of these lines, this is an amazing declaration. A few years ago, I debated at the platform of a public meeting with one of the leaders of this party about the class character of China. [10] While I defended the position of the RCIT that China had become an imperialist Great Power, the PdA representative argued that China is an example of a successful socialist development and that its leading party is an authentic Communist Party. [11] It seems that the PdA has completely changed its position and views China and Russia now as imperialist powers. [12]

 

 

 

It is important to draw the consequences!

 

 

 

It should not go unnoticed to point to the remarkable fact that – under the pressure of events – even some Stalinist parties manage to recognize the imperialist character of China and Russia while some self-proclaimed Trotskyist organizations still find it difficult to utter the I word! [13]

 

Obviously, we strongly welcome the position of these Stalinist parties in solidarity with the popular uprising in Kazakhstan and against Russia’s military intervention. The question now is if these comrades are prepared to draw the consequences, i.e. if they are willing to move from a correct empirical position (concerning Kazakhstan) to a consistent and theoretically based position in the field of world politics.

 

As the RCIT has shown in its works, the rivalry between the imperialist Great Powers – the U.S., China, EU, Russia, and Japan – is one of the most important issues of the current historic period. It is inevitable that sooner of later, these tensions will result in military clashes between the Great Powers and, ultimately, in a new world war. The only factor which can prevent such a scenario is a successful socialist revolution of the international working class. [14]

 

Until now, most Stalinist parties have refused to take an internationalist and consistently anti-imperialist stance on this issue, i.e. opposing all imperialist Great Powers – those in the West as well as those in the East. Instead of advocating the program of revolutionary defeatism against all Great Powers, they opposed only the Western power or even called explicitly for supporting China and Russia. [15]

 

The next period will show if these obvious divisions between the Stalinist parties are merely a marital row or if they reflect a serious rethinking and shifting to the left of several of these forces. Revolutionaries could only rejoice the latter development! The RCIT welcomes any serious discussion with such comrades as well as joint internationalist work against all imperialist Great Powers!

 



[1] The RCIT has published several documents on the popular uprising in Kazakhstan. They are all compiled at a special page on our website: https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/compilation-of-articles-on-the-popular-uprising-in-kazakhstan/.

[2] For the sources of all quotes as well as our analysis of the KPRF’s position see: Michael Pröbsting: The Popular Uprising in Kazakhstan and Putin’s Patriotic “Communists”. The Stalinist KPRF of Gennady Zyuganov supports the bloody crackdown of the protests and the imperialist intervention of Russian troops, 8 January 2022, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/kazakhstan-and-putin-s-patriotic-communists/

[3] Голос трудящихся Казахстана должен быть услышан вопреки провокаторам! 10.1.2022, http://www.solidnet.org/article/CP-of-the-Russian-Federation-/

[4] Cuba condemns external attempts to subvert order in Kazakhstan, 8 January 2022, https://www.plenglish.com/news/2022/01/08/cuba-condemns-external-attempts-to-subvert-order-in-kazakhstan/

[6] Statement of the Central Committee of the PCB-CPB in solidarity with the popular workers' movement in Kazakhstan, the Socialist Movement and the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, 9.1.2022, http://www.solidnet.org/article/CP-of-Belgium-Statement-of-the-Central-Committee-of-the-PCB-CPB-in-solidarity-with-the-popular-workers-movement-in-Kazakhstan-the-Socialist-Movement-and-the-Communist-Party-of-Kazakhstan/

[8] SKP: Support the Protests of the Workers and the People pf Kazakhstan, 10 January 2022, http://www.solidnet.org/article/CP-of-Sweden-Statement-on-the-situation-in-Kazakhstan/

[9] PdA: Solidarity with the people's and workers' protests in Kazakhstan, 6.1.2022, http://www.solidnet.org/article/Party-of-Labour-of-Austria-Solidarity-with-the-peoples-and-workers-protests-in-Kazakhstan/; in German language: PdA: Solidarität mit den Volks- und Arbeiterprotesten in Kasachstan, 6. Januar 2022, https://parteiderarbeit.at/themen/stellungnahmen/solidaritaet-mit-den-volks-und-arbeiterprotesten-in-kasachstan/

[10] For a report of this meeting see: Report on Debate on China at public meeting in Vienna/Austria on 28.9.2012, https://rcitarchive.wordpress.com/rcit/report-on-china-public-debate/

[11] The RCIT has published numerous documents about capitalism in China and its transformation into a Great Power. See on this e.g. the book by Michael Pröbsting: Anti-Imperialism in the Age of Great Power Rivalry. The Factors behind the Accelerating Rivalry between the U.S., China, Russia, EU and Japan. A Critique of the Left’s Analysis and an Outline of the Marxist Perspective, RCIT Books, Vienna 2019, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/anti-imperialism-in-the-age-of-great-power-rivalry/; see also by the same author an essay published in the second edition of The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism (edited by Immanuel Ness and Zak Cope), Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2020, https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-91206-6_179-1; China‘s transformation into an imperialist power. A study of the economic, political and military aspects of China as a Great Power (2012), in: Revolutionary Communism No. 4, http://www.thecommunists.net/publications/revcom-number-4; How is it possible that some Marxists still Doubt that China has Become Capitalist? (A Critique of the PTS/FT), An analysis of the capitalist character of China’s State-Owned Enterprises and its political consequences, 18 September 2020, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/pts-ft-and-chinese-imperialism-2/; Unable to See the Wood for the Trees (PTS/FT and China). Eclectic empiricism and the failure of the PTS/FT to recognize the imperialist character of China, 13 August 2020, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/pts-ft-and-chinese-imperialism/. See many more RCIT documents at a special sub-page on the RCIT’s website: https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/china-russia-as-imperialist-powers/.

[12] The RCIT has published numerous documents about capitalism in Russia and its rise to an imperialist power. See on this e.g. several pamphlets by Michael Pröbsting: The Peculiar Features of Russian Imperialism. A Study of Russia’s Monopolies, Capital Export and Super-Exploitation in the Light of Marxist Theory, 10 August 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-peculiar-features-of-russian-imperialism/; Russia and China: Neither Capitalist nor Great Powers? A Reply to the PO/CRFI and their Revisionist Whitewashing of Chinese and Russian imperialism, 28 November 2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/russia-and-china-neither-capitalist-nor-great-powers-reply-to-po-crfi/; The Catastrophic Failure of the Theory of “Catastrophism”. On the Marxist Theory of Capitalist Breakdown and its Misinterpretation by the Partido Obrero (Argentina) and its “Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International”, 27 May 2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-catastrophic-failure-of-the-theory-of-catastrophism/; Lenin’s Theory of Imperialism and the Rise of Russia as a Great Power. On the Understanding and Misunderstanding of Today’s Inter-Imperialist Rivalry in the Light of Lenin’s Theory of Imperialism. Another Reply to Our Critics Who Deny Russia’s Imperialist Character, August 2014, http://www.thecommunists.net/theory/imperialism-theory-and-russia/; Russia as a Great Imperialist Power. The formation of Russian Monopoly Capital and its Empire – A Reply to our Critics, 18 March 2014, in: Revolutionary Communism No. 21, http://www.thecommunists.net/theory/imperialist-russia/. See various other RCIT documents on this issue at a special sub-page on the RCIT’s website: https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/china-russia-as-imperialist-powers/.

[13] See on this e.g. Michael Pröbsting: The I Word. On the LIS/MST statement about the popular uprising in Kazakhstan and its silence about Russian imperialism, 10 January 2022, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/lis-mst-kazakhstan-uprising-russian-imperialism/

[14] The RCIT has dealt on numerous occasions with the inter-imperialist rivalry of the Great Powers. See e.g. the RCIT document: World Perspectives 2021-22: Entering a Pre-Revolutionary Global Situation, 22 August 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/world-perspectives-2021-22/; see also: RCIT: The Coming Inter-Imperialist War on Taiwan, 10 October 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/the-coming-inter-imperialist-war-on-taiwan/; The Meaning of the AUKUS Pact. The U.S. escalates the inter-imperialist Cold War against China and provokes the EU, 18 September 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/the-meaning-of-the-aukus-pact/; Russia Fires Warning Shots against UK Warship in the Black Sea. Down with Cold Warmongering! No support for any imperialist Great Power – neither UK, US nor Russia! 24 June 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/russia-fires-warning-shots-against-uk-warship-in-black-sea/; see also the following book by Michael Pröbsting: Anti-Imperialism in the Age of Great Power Rivalry. The Factors behind the Accelerating Rivalry between the U.S., China, Russia, EU and Japan. A Critique of the Left’s Analysis and an Outline of the Marxist Perspective, RCIT Books, Vienna 2019, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/anti-imperialism-in-the-age-of-great-power-rivalry/; see also these two pamphlets by the same author: “A Really Good Quarrel”. US-China Alaska Meeting: The Inter-Imperialist Cold War Continues, 23 March 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/us-china-alaska-meeting-shows-continuation-of-inter-imperialist-cold-war/; Servants of Two Masters. Stalinism and the New Cold War between Imperialist Great Powers in East and West, 10 July 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/servants-of-two-masters-stalinism-and-new-cold-war/; for more works on this issue see these sub-pages: https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/china-russia-as-imperialist-powers/ and https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/collection-of-articles-on-the-global-trade-war/.

[15] We have dealt with the position of Stalinism on the inter-imperialist Great Power rivalry on several occasions. Our latest pamphlet is by Michael Pröbsting: Servants of Two Masters. Stalinism and the New Cold War between Imperialist Great Powers in East and West, 10 July 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/servants-of-two-masters-stalinism-and-new-cold-war/

 

카자흐스탄 봉기에 대한 스탈린주의: 부부싸움인가, 심각한 분열인가?

카자흐스탄의 혁명적 사태와 러시아의 군사개입이 각종 공산당들 간의 깊은 분열을 불러일으키다

 

미하엘 프뢰브스팅, 혁명적 공산주의인터내셔널 동맹 (RCIT) 국제서기, 2022 1 12, www.communists.net

 

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RCIT 카자흐스탄 민중봉기와 러시아의 군사개입이 세계정세에 중대한 사건들이라고 거듭 지적해 왔다. 사건들은 모든 반제국주의자들에게 봉기를 지지하고 푸틴의 킬러부대 투입을 반대한다는 분명한 입장을 취하도록 요구한다. 그래서 사건들은 정녕 일관된 반제국주의자인지 판가름 하는 시험대다.[1]

 

같은 사건들은 사회주의 자임 세력에게도 중요한 시험대다. 나아가 지금 스탈린주의 당들 사이에 벌어지고 있는 상황은 사건들이 오랜 도그마를 산산조각 내고 깊은 분열을 일으킬 있다는 것도 보여준다.

 

우리가 다른 기사에서 보여주었듯이, 겐나디 주가노프가 이끄는 러시아연방공산당”(KPRF) 비롯한 일련의 스탈린주의 당들은 공공연히 반혁명적인 입장을 취하고 있다. 그들은 처음에 카자흐스탄 노동자 시위에 약간의 동조를 보였지만, "러시아에 대한 하이브리드 전쟁" 수행하고 유라시아 공간을 불안정화하려는 목적을 서방의 "특수부대" "테러 지휘부" 도발이라고 봉기를 비난했다. 이어서 스탈린주의 당들은 "약탈과 무법 상태에 맞서 지금 결연히 싸우는 사람들" 정권의 보안군 대한 지지를 표명했고, “러시아 평화유지군 투입을 완전히 정당한 조치로 환영했다.[2]

 

뒤이어 나온 성명에서 주가노프는 그러한 반동적인 망발을 반복했다. 그는 서방의 5 운운하며 봉기 리더들이 "시리아와 이라크의 지하디스트들의 전투 경험" 가진 자들이라고 판타지 소설을 쓴다. 놀랍지 않게도, 그는 러시아의 군사개입에 대한 그의 당의 전면적인 지지를 재확인한다. “러시아연방공산당에 따르면, CSTO 평화유지군 투입은 강제적이지만 합당하고 시의적절한 조치로서 다음 '색깔 쿠데타' 불씨를 끄기 위한 것이다. 러시아연방공산당은 국제적 반동과 범죄자들의 행동을 강력히 규탄한다. 우리는 카자흐스탄 내정 개입과 중앙아시아를 불안정화 하려는 시도를, 우리나라에 직접적 위협을 가하는 절대로 용납할 없는 것으로 간주한다... 우리는 CSTO 평화유지군이 중앙아시아 지역 상황을 안정화 하는 도움이 것이라고 확신한다.”[3]

 

기괴하기 짝이 없는 망언에서는 쿠바 집권 공산당도 뒤지지 않는다. 브루노 로드리게스 쿠바 외무장관은 트위터를 통해 시간이 흘러도 우리에게 여전히 우호적인 나라의 합헌 정부를 흔들고 내부 질서를 전복하기 위해 사태가 해외에서 사주되었다고 강조했다. 러시아 외무부도 카자흐스탄의 최근 사태는 아시아 국가의 안보와 통합을 폭력적으로 훼손하려는 외부 기도라는 입장을 밝혔다.[4]

 

푸틴의 푸들들이 짖는 소리가 들리는가? 성명들은 그러한 스탈린주의 당들이 반동 진영, 제국주의 식민주의 진영에 합류했다는 것을 명확히 보여주는 이상도 이하도 아니다. 그들은 바리케이드의 반대편에 있다!

 

 

 

혼란을 보이지만 좌선회 움직임도 보이는 다른 스탈린주의 당들

 

영국공산당 다른 스탈린주의 당들은 토카예프-푸틴-주가노프의 이슬람 혐오 서사를 부분적으로 개작하여, 봉기를 "터키의 역내 팽창주의 프로젝트와 연결된 이슬람주의·지하드주의 운동들 세력들" 개입으로 설명한다.[5] 동시에, 이들 영국 스탈린주의자들은 영국의 관찰자들에게는 사진이 너무 "흐릿하다" 카자흐 시위에 대한 찬반, 러시아의 군사개입에 대한 찬반에 대해 분명한 입장을 취하는 조심스럽다. , 이것이 사실이라면, 그것은 카자흐스탄 노동자·청년들의 잘못이기보다는 런던의 끔찍한 안개가 그들의 마음에 혼란을 주었기 때문이다!

 

하지만 많은 다른 스탈린주의 당들이 카자흐스탄 사태에 대해 다른 그리고 사실상 훨씬 진보적인 입장을 취하고 있다는 것은 주목할 필요가 있다. 여기 가지 예가 있다.

 

벨기에공산당(PCB-CPB) 우리는 민중운동 요구들을 지지한다 분명하게 밝힌다. 그들은 러시아와 러시아의 군사 개입을 실명으로 언급하고 있지는 있지만, "제국주의 세력들이 제국주의 모순에 그들의 장기 말들을 배치하려는 어떠한 시도에도 반대한다" 말하는 것으로 침략에 대한 반대를 비치고 있다. “우리는 배제될 없는 전쟁 위험에 대해 경고한다.”[6]

 

스페인노동자공산당(PCTE) 비슷한 입장을 취한다. “스페인노동자공산당은 카자흐스탄에서 벌어지고 있는 노동자·민중 시위에 대한 지지와 연대를 표하며 카자흐스탄 정부의 경찰과 군대가 시위대를 상대로 벌이고 있는 온갖 살인과 체포, 공격을 규탄한다.” 그들은 러시아의 군사개입에도 반대한다. 그들의 벨기에 동지들보다 명시적인 방식으로! "우리는 시위를 탄압하고 제국주의 대결을 격화시키기 위해 시위를 이용하려는 목적을 외세의 개입을 규탄한다."[7]

 

스웨덴공산당(SKP) 봉기를 전면 지지하며 "카자흐스탄의 전투적 노동자들에게 모든 지원을!" 호소하는 성명을 발표했다. 이뿐만 아니라 SKP 러시아의 군사개입에 대해서도 상기한 자매 정당보다 명시적으로 반대한다. “동시에 우리는 카자흐스탄에 대한 외세의 개입이 커지는 것을 있다. 러시아는 병력을 약속하고, 미국은 자국의 관심 범위를 넓힐 기회를 엿보고 있으며, 터키는 정부를 보존하는 관심을 갖고 있다. 우리는 카자흐스탄에 대한 일체의 외국 간섭을 거부한다. 카자흐스탄 노동인민에 의해 상황이 해결돼야 하며, 외에는 누구도 된다.”[8]

 

마지막으로, 오스트리아의 스탈린주의 당인 로동당(PdA) 성명은 특히 언급할 가치가 있다. "오스트리아 로동당은 카자흐스탄 인민과 노동자계급, 그리고 그들의 불법화된 조직들 정당들과의 연대를 천명한다. 정치-경제 시스템과 국가 과두정권, 그리고 그들의 제국주의 동맹들에 대항하는 계급투쟁에 우리의 국제주의적 연대와 지지를 보낸다."

 

PdA 상기한 당들보다 걸음 나아간다. “여기서 러시아, 미국, 중국, 유럽 국가들을 포함하는 제국주의 열강들은 경제적·지정학적 이익을 위해 누르술탄 나자르바예프와 그의 후계자들 심복들을 중심으로 카자흐 정권과 협력했고 여전히 협력하고 있다.” 그리하여 PdA 다음과 같이 요구한다. “미국이나 EU, 러시아나 중국이든 제국주의 열강의 군사개입·정치개입 일체에 반대한다.”[9]

 

기사를 쓰고 있는 필자로서는 놀라운 선언이다. 나는 당의 리더 명과 공개석상에서 중국의 계급적 성격에 대해 논쟁한 적이 있다.[10] 나는 중국이 제국주의 강대국이 되었다는 RCIT 입장을 옹호한데 반해 PdA 대표자는 중국이 성공적인 사회주의 발전의 본보기며, 중국의 영도 정당은 진정한 공산주의당이라고 주장했다.[11] PdA 자신의 입장을 완전히 바꿔 중국과 러시아를 이제 제국주의 열강으로 보는 같다.[12]

 

 

 

결론을 이끌어내는 것이 중요하다!

 

이와 같이 몇몇 스탈린주의 당들조차 사태의 압력 하에서 중국·러시아의 제국주의적 성격을 인정하고 있는데, 일부 자칭 트로츠키주의 조직들은 여전히 제국주의의 자도 발설하길 어려워한다는 놀라운 사실을 지적하지 않고 그냥 넘어갈 수가 없다.

 

의심의 여지없이 우리는 카자흐스탄 민중봉기에 연대하고 러시아의 군사개입에 반대하는 이들 스탈린주의 당들의 입장을 강하게 환영한다. 이제 문제는 당들이 결론을 이끌어낼 준비가 되어 있느냐, (카자흐스탄에 관한) 올바른 경험적 입장에서 나아가 세계정치 분야에서 일관되고 이론적으로 기초를 입장으로까지 나아갈 의지가 있느냐 하는 것이다.

 

RCIT 많은 문서들에서 보여주었듯이, 제국주의 열강들 미국, 중국, EU, 러시아, 일본 간의 패권경쟁은 시기의 가장 중요한 이슈 하나다. 머지않아 긴장이 강대국 간의 군사적 충돌로, 최종적으로는 새로운 세계대전으로 귀결되는 것은 불가피하다. 이러한 시나리오를 막을 있는 하나 요인은 국제 노동자계급의 성공적인 사회주의혁명이다.[14]

 

지금까지 대부분의 스탈린주의 당들은 문제에 대한 국제주의적이고 일관되게 반제국주의적인, 모든 제국주의 강대국 미국·서방과 중국·러시아 모두 반대하는 입장을 취하길 거부해왔다. 그들은 모든 강대국에 대항하여 혁명적 패전주의 강령을 제창하길 거부하고 단지 서방 열강만을 반대하거나, 심지어는 ·러를 지지하라고 내놓고 요구하거나 했다.[15]

 

다음 시기는 스탈린주의 당들 간의 이러한 명백한 분열이 단지 부부간 불화인지, 아니면 이들 세력 몇몇이 좌쪽으로 진지하게 재고찰하고 선회하고 있는 것을 반영하는 것인지 보여줄 것이다. 혁명가들은 후자와 같은 사태발전에 기뻐하지 않을 없을 것이다! RCIT 같은 동지들과의 어떤 진지한 토론도 환영하며, 뿐만 아니라 모든 제국주의 강대국에 대항하는 공동의 국제주의적 작업 또한 환영하는 바다!

 

 

 

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[1] RCIT 카자흐스탄 민중봉기에 관한 일련의 문서를 발표했다. 다음의 우리 웹사이트 특별 페이지에 문서들이 모두 실려 있다. https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/compilation-of-articles-on-the-popular-uprising-in-kazakhstan/.

 

[2] 러시아연방공산당의 입장과 관련한 모든 인용 출처 우리의 분석으로는 다음을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: The Popular Uprising in Kazakhstan and Putin’s Patriotic “Communists”. The Stalinist KPRF of Gennady Zyuganov supports the bloody crackdown of the protests and the imperialist intervention of Russian troops, 8 January 2022, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/kazakhstan-and-putin-s-patriotic-communists/ [<카자흐스탄 민중봉기와 푸틴의 애국적 공산주의자들”> https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/kazakhstan-and-putin-s-patriotic-communists/#anker_1]

 

[3] Голос трудящихся Казахстана должен быть услышан вопреки провокаторам! 10.1.2022, http://www.solidnet.org/article/CP-of-the-Russian-Federation-/

 

[4] Cuba condemns external attempts to subvert order in Kazakhstan, 8 January 2022, https://www.plenglish.com/news/2022/01/08/cuba-condemns-external-attempts-to-subvert-order-in-kazakhstan/

 

[5] A murky picture amid unrest in Kazakhstan, 9.1.2022, https://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/article/e/murky-picture-amid-unrest-kazakhstan

 

[6] Statement of the Central Committee of the PCB-CPB in solidarity with the popular workers' movement in Kazakhstan, the Socialist Movement and the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, 9.1.2022, http://www.solidnet.org/article/CP-of-Belgium-Statement-of-the-Central-Committee-of-the-PCB-CPB-in-solidarity-with-the-popular-workers-movement-in-Kazakhstan-the-Socialist-Movement-and-the-Communist-Party-of-Kazakhstan/

 

[7] The PCTE in solidarity with the struggle of the people of Kazakhstan, 7.1.2022 http://www.solidnet.org/article/CP-of-the-Workers-of-Spain-The-PCTE-in-solidarity-with-the-struggle-of-the-people-of-Kazakhstan/

 

[8] SKP: Support the Protests of the Workers and the People pf Kazakhstan, 10 January 2022, http://www.solidnet.org/article/CP-of-Sweden-Statement-on-the-situation-in-Kazakhstan/

 

[9] PdA: Solidarity with the people's and workers' protests in Kazakhstan, 6.1.2022, http://www.solidnet.org/article/Party-of-Labour-of-Austria-Solidarity-with-the-peoples-and-workers-protests-in-Kazakhstan/; in German language: PdA: Solidarität mit den Volks- und Arbeiterprotesten in Kasachstan, 6. Januar 2022, https://parteiderarbeit.at/themen/stellungnahmen/solidaritaet-mit-den-volks-und-arbeiterprotesten-in-kasachstan/

 

[10] 회의에 관한 보고는 다음을 보라. Report on Debate on China at public meeting in Vienna/Austria on 28.9.2012, https://rcitarchive.wordpress.com/rcit/report-on-china-public-debate/

 

[11] RCIT 중국 자본주의와 중국의 강대국 부상에 관한 많은 문서를 발표했다. 이에 대해서는 다음을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: Anti-Imperialism in the Age of Great Power Rivalry. The Factors behind the Accelerating Rivalry between the U.S., China, Russia, EU and Japan. A Critique of the Left’s Analysis and an Outline of the Marxist Perspective, RCIT Books, Vienna 2019, Chapter I, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/anti-imperialism-in-the-age-of-great-power-rivalry/ [<<강대국 패권쟁투 시대에 반제국주의>> https://www.thecommunists.net/home/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4/book-anti-imperialism-in-the-age-of-great-power-rivalry/]; 같은 저자의 다음 책에 실린 글도 보라. the second edition of The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism (edited by Immanuel Ness and Zak Cope), Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2020, https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-91206-6_179-1; China‘s transformation into an imperialist power. A study of the economic, political and military aspects of China as a Great Power (2012), in: Revolutionary Communism No. 4, http://www.thecommunists.net/publications/revcom-number-4; How is it possible that some Marxists still Doubt that China has Become Capitalist? (A Critique of the PTS/FT), An analysis of the capitalist character of China’s State-Owned Enterprises and its political consequences, 18 September 2020, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/pts-ft-and-chinese-imperialism-2/; Unable to See the Wood for the Trees (PTS/FT and China). Eclectic empiricism and the failure of the PTS/FT to recognize the imperialist character of China, 13 August 2020, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/pts-ft-and-chinese-imperialism/ [< 나무만 보고 숲은 보는: PTS/FT 중국 사회성격 토론> https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/pts-ft-and-chinese-imperialism/#anker_1]; 다음의 RCIT 웹사이트 하위 별도 페이지에 많은 문서들이 있다. https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/china-russia-as-imperialist-powers/.

 

[12] RCIT 러시아 자본주의와 러시아의 제국주의 강대국 부상에 대한 많은 문서를 발표했다. 다음을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: The Peculiar Features of Russian Imperialism. A Study of Russia’s Monopolies, Capital Export and Super-Exploitation in the Light of Marxist Theory, 10 August 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-peculiar-features-of-russian-imperialism/ [<러시아 제국주의의 특색> https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-peculiar-features-of-russian-imperialism/#anker_6]; Russia and China: Neither Capitalist nor Great Powers? A Reply to the PO/CRFI and their Revisionist Whitewashing of Chinese and Russian imperialism, 28 November 2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/russia-and-china-neither-capitalist-nor-great-powers-reply-to-po-crfi/; 다음도 보라. 같은 저자: The Catastrophic Failure of the Theory of “Catastrophism”. On the Marxist Theory of Capitalist Breakdown and its Misinterpretation by the Partido Obrero (Argentina) and its “Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International”, 27 May 2018, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/the-catastrophic-failure-of-the-theory-of-catastrophism/; Lenin’s Theory of Imperialism and the Rise of Russia as a Great Power. On the Understanding and Misunderstanding of Today’s Inter-Imperialist Rivalry in the Light of Lenin’s Theory of Imperialism. Another Reply to Our Critics Who Deny Russia’s Imperialist Character, August 2014, http://www.thecommunists.net/theory/imperialism-theory-and-russia/; Russia as a Great Imperialist Power. The formation of Russian Monopoly Capital and its Empire A Reply to our Critics, 18 March 2014, in: Revolutionary Communism No. 21, http://www.thecommunists.net/theory/imperialist-russia/. 문제에 관한 여러 다른 RCIT 문서들이 다음의 RCIT 웹사이트 상의 별도 하위 페이지에 있다. https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/china-russia-as-imperialist-powers/

 

[13] 이에 대해서는 다음을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: The I Word. On the LIS/MST statement about the popular uprising in Kazakhstan and its silence about Russian imperialism, 10 January 2022, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/lis-mst-kazakhstan-uprising-russian-imperialism/ [<군사개입은 보여도 러시아 제국주의 보인다? - 트로츠키주의 조직이 규탄 성명을 내면서 러시아 제국주의에 대해서는 침묵하다> https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/lis-mst-kazakhstan-uprising-russian-imperialism/#anker_3]

 

[14] RCIT 강대국들의 제국주의 패권 경쟁을 여러 차례 다루었다. 예를 들어 다음을 보라. World Perspectives 2021-22: Entering a Pre-Revolutionary Global Situation, 22 August 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/world-perspectives-2021-22/; 다음도 보라. The Meaning of the AUKUS Pact. The U.S. escalates the inter-imperialist Cold War against China and provokes the EU, 18 September 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/the-meaning-of-the-aukus-pact/ [<오커스 조약의 의미 - 미국이 중국과의 제국주의 냉전을 고조시키고 EU 자극하다> https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/the-meaning-of-the-aukus-pact/#anker_3]; Russia Fires Warning Shots against UK Warship in the Black Sea. Down with Cold Warmongering! No support for any imperialist Great Power neither UK, US nor Russia! 24 June 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/russia-fires-warning-shots-against-uk-warship-in-black-sea/ [<러시아가 흑해에서 영국 군함에 경고사격하고. 영국은 사태를 부인, 축소하려 하다> https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/russia-fires-warning-shots-against-uk-warship-in-black-sea/#anker_1]; 다음 팜플렛도 보라. Michael Pröbsting: “A Really Good Quarrel”. US-China Alaska Meeting: The Inter-Imperialist Cold War Continues, 23 March 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/us-china-alaska-meeting-shows-continuation-of-inter-imperialist-cold-war/ [<제국주의 냉전은 어떻게 바이든 하에서도 계속되고 있나> https://www.thecommunists.net/home/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4/us-china-cold-war-continues-after-alaska-meeting/]; Servants of Two Masters. Stalinism and the New Cold War between Imperialist Great Powers in East and West, 10 July 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/servants-of-two-masters-stalinism-and-new-cold-war/ [< 주인을 섬기는 시종 - 스탈린주의와 제국주의 신냉전> https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/servants-of-two-masters-stalinism-and-new-cold-war/#anker_10; 문제에 관한 많은 문서들을 다음 링크로 들어가서 있다.: https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/china-russia-as-imperialist-powers/ and https://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/global/collection-of-articles-on-the-global-trade-war/.

 

[15] 우리는 강대국들의 제국주의 패권경쟁에 대한 스탈린주의의 입장을 여러 차례 다루었다. 다음 우리의 최근 팜플렛을 보라. Michael Pröbsting: Servants of Two Masters. Stalinism and the New Cold War between Imperialist Great Powers in East and West, 10 July 2021, https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/servants-of-two-masters-stalinism-and-new-cold-war/ [< 주인을 섬기는 시종 - 스탈린주의와 제국주의 신냉전> https://www.thecommunists.net/theory/servants-of-two-masters-stalinism-and-new-cold-war/#anker_10]